... считать фуфлом все клинические исследования, пока не доказано обратное. 😆
Самая оптимистическая оценка это то, что 20% исследований является надувательством. Статья .
Although retractions are increasing, only about 0.04% of biomedical studies have been retracted, suggesting the problem is small. But the anaesthetist John Carlisle and found that 73 (14%) had false data, and 43 (8%) he categorised as zombie. When he was able to examine individual patient data in 153 studies, 67 (44%) had untrustworthy data and 40 (26%) were zombie trials.
