Michael Cleary

The cause of fetal distress is multifaceted and can be grouped into three categories.

A、Maternal factors

The lack of maternal blood oxygen content is an important cause of mild hypoxia maternal no obvious symptoms, but will affect the fetus fetus. Maternal factors that result in fetal hypoxia:

(1) minor arterial insufficiency: such as high blood pressure, chronic nephritis, and PIH.

(2) the lack of oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells: such as severe anemia, heart disease, heart failure and pulmonary heart disease and so on.

(3) acute blood loss: such as prenatal bleeding disorders and trauma.

(4) uteroplacental blood supply is blocked: radical production or uncoordinated uterine contraction: improper use of oxytocin, causing strong contractions; extend the production process, especially prolonged second stage; excessive expansion of the uterus, polyhydramnios and multiple births pregnancy; premature rupture of membranes, the umbilical cord may be under pressure.

B、Fetal factors

(1) the fetal cardiovascular system dysfunction, such as severe congenital cardiovascular disease, intracranial hemorrhage.

(2) fetal malformations.

C、Umbilical cord, placenta factors

The umbilical cord and placenta of the mother and the fetus between oxygen and nutrients transported delivery channel, and its dysfunction will inevitably affect the fetus can not obtain the necessary oxygen and nutrients.

(1) cord blood transport is blocked

(2) placental dysfunction: If prolonged pregnancy, placental stunting (too small or too large), abnormal placental shape (membranous placenta, contour placenta) and the placenta and infect.

Fetal hypoxia fetal health and life-threatening signs, known as fetal distress (fetal distress). Fetal distress syndrome, is one of the major adaptation levy currently cesarean section. Fetal distress occurs mainly in the labor process, and may also occur in late pregnancy. Occurred in the labor process, is a continuation and aggravation occurs in late pregnancy.

Fetal distress it may directly endanger the health of the fetus and life. Therefore, regular prenatal check is very important to discover the emergence of the mother or fetus abnormalities, such as pregnancy-induced hypertension, chronic nephritis, prolonged pregnancy, the placenta aging, anemia, fetal growth retardation, placenta previa, complicated by heart , in order to determine the extent of the harm to the fetus, and to develop appropriate treatment programs and prevention or treatment of Attention to self-care during pregnancy, increase nutrition, work and rest, and avoid bad habits, prevention of placental abruption. Perceived physical discomfort, decreased fetal movement and timely medical treatment. Ineffective treatment of fetal distress, such as the nearly full-term, not in labor, the the extrauterine environment better than the womb, early termination of pregnancy was not to wait.

Very delicate skin of newborns after birth can not be separated from diapers, as the name implies, diaper rash is occurred in the hip pocket diapers, manifested as redness of the skin, followed by redness, pimples, heavier erosion, ulcers, it is commonly known as red buttocks . The rash can, etc. to the epitaxial and inner thigh or abdominal wall.

Pocket diapers, diaper rash is caused by, but not pocket diapers pediatric diaper rash, diaper rash is how to form it?

Urine urate, feces contain to contain indole other irritants, pocket diapers, these substances continues to irritate the skin, plus neonatal delicate skin, red hip. Red buttocks incentives are as follows:

(1) diapers Qinhuan the. Not timely pediatric urinary changing diapers, night changing diapers or using disposable urine does not wet night until dawn, for long periods of time changing diapers, urine buttocks skin cause irritation.

(2) after cleaning. Dilute the stool of the newborn, breastfeeding newborns stool 4-5 times a day usually. Pocket diapers, stool often covered the entire buttocks. Some parents or nanny in pediatric stool diapers hip stool wipe without cleaning hips, so that the whole the hips still clinging stool, environmental irritants and red buttocks again pocket diapers in the wet .

(3) wet buttocks. Many parents on child care, especially carefully, carefully, not only the child's buttocks, washed and stool will, and every time you urinate after cleaning hips. Still buttocks wash 2-3 times a bath the day in summer and winter almost take a bath every day, each time after washing the buttocks or bath shoot a layer of powder, you can say that this is their best. After cleaning, put on a clean diaper to the outside and then wrapped in a layer of plastic, paper, finishing very clean child, but the child still red buttocks, unexplained come to the doctor. This happens red buttocks reason is that local wet. Neonatal hips skin folds, and water after cleaning the buttocks is not easy to rub in, immediately wrapped in diapers, outside wrapped in plastic sheets, the local airtight; wet buttocks shot on the powder, it seems the buttocks skin dry, but the actual on powder absorbent becomes block still damp, not only local, but also to stimulate the formation of powder on the skin. Moist environment of the local skin defenses are weakened and red buttocks.

(4) rough diapers as absorbent as cotton. Some parents are not aware of the child's skin is especially delicate, prepared rough, or made of chemical fiber cloth diapers, particularly poor water absorption, local skin wet; wipe hips, violent action and diapers and stiff, so skin lesions, red buttocks then more prone to wet stimulating environment.

Red buttocks broken skin, easy propagation of bacteria cause local infection, severe bacterial infection local invade the bloodstream, causing sepsis. Therefore, newborn diaper rash focus on prevention, found hips redness, timely treatment to erosion.

Normal physiological neonatal jaundice generally appear 3-5 days after birth, basically subsided to about 10 days, at the latest not more than three weeks. The majority of neonatal jaundice will subside in the second week. In the second week, the parents are still children who show obvious jaundice, this time on the need to be more careful and timely treatment to the child to distinguish between physiological jaundice and pathologic jaundice great help.

Symptoms:

The the physiological jaundice - jaundice color is not deep, the mother will find the baby's appetite is still good, the spirit is good, not too much noisy phenomenon. Will naturally subside in 7-10 days.

Pathologic jaundice - jaundice baby prematurely, or symptoms too heavy, the continuation of a long time, and this time we should suspected pathological jaundice.

Pathologic jaundice usually have some symptoms:

Within 24 hours after birth, jaundice is very obvious;

Jaundice throughout the body, as the orange, and significantly better in a short period of time;

Jaundice alleviate subsided then aggravated or re-emerging;

2-3 weeks after the jaundice appears still not reduce even more obvious;

Baby's stool color is pale or white, urine dark yellow;

Jaundice accompanied by fever, refusal to milk, the spirit of good, lethargy, two sluggish and other symptoms.

1, biological factors:

(1) virus: mothers suffering from rubella virus, influenza and other viral diseases, will lead to the occurrence of defects in children.

(2) T. gondii: best not to pet, pets carry Toxoplasma cause defects in children; pet Do not worry, you can go to the hospital for tests, and can find out whether the pregnant women infected with Тохопласма; if indeed not be able to bid farewell to pet it does not matter, not to be too close contact and regular checks.

Chemical pollution: emissions, pesticides, pollution, heavy metal pollution, especially since some people working in the factory, or live in the environment of these problems, try to stay away from these pre-pregnancy; General the regular factory will regularly check whether there are toxins precipitation; addition fumes for pregnant women, indeed, certain hazards, a small amount does not matter, but the long-term exposure is not good.

3, Noise: Noise is generally not for pregnant women and fetuses caused direct harm, but it will affect pregnant women mood, leading to depression.

4, living tone photo - the temperature is too high, are likely to cause fetal growth abnormalities, such as hot springs, hot wash hot bath pregnant women should, Director Chen about the recommended temperature of 36 °; irregular or lower the quality of sleep, the body does not get a good rest, and can also affect the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus.

5, x-ray, radiation: for example, physical examination, some chest like checking women are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, you can not do such checks.

6, the mother: such as diabetes, heart disease and other diseases, such as hyperthyroidism, can the the disease stabilized pregnancy and some diseases can not be pregnant, it is best to do a detailed examination adherence.

7 Diet: The most important thing is balanced, maternal without their teeth, or what kind of food is good for pregnant women eat special, meat and vegetables with a reasonable and balanced.

Not all children with pneumonia are fever, such as the winter and spring of enzootic pneumonia, chlamydia, mycoplasma pneumonia no fever or low fever phenomenon. Especially if the newborn with pneumonia, may neither cough nor symptoms of elevated body temperature, the parents must not be ignored.

But generally speaking, when the baby is suffering from pneumonia, the body temperature more than 38 ℃, sustained two or three days, and antipyretics can only be a temporary drop in for a while so that the temperature blamed for rise in the near future. Come to see the baby's cough and breathing is, if the cough, dyspnea heavier, faster still breathing frequency, one by one both sides of the nose, lips blue or purple, it is also possible that the pneumonia. Then take a look at the baby's appetite got pneumonia appetite will be significantly reduced. The baby will not eat, or a nurse on the crying disturbed. If the above situation, do not delay, established immediately a hospital.

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The study found that female breast cancer, the number of fetal cells in the body are far fewer women than breast cancer. In addition, there is no breast cancer in women, 56% of human memory in fetal cells, breast cancer in women only 26% of the human memory in fetal cells.

Researchers study also showed that injection of the vaccine, seems to increase the number of fetal cells in maternal. They said similar means, is also licensed for the treatment of breast cancer.

In women during pregnancy, some fetal cells through the placenta into the maternal blood, and after pregnancy persist in the mother's skin, liver, brain and spleen, a phenomenon known as microchimerism. Prior studies have shown that fetal cells can repair the tissue damage of the parent.

Researchers can not exactly explain why the fetal cells may contribute to maternal cancer. They said the fetal cells may be able to provide the parent with cancer cells of the immune surveillance, so that the mother's immune system to maintain a more "alert" status. In addition, is also possible that fetal cells are "foreign" cells that can more effectively identify and fight against cancer cells than the parent's own immune cells.

Some experts believe that the new study does not prove that fetal cells can directly destroy cancer cells, the conclusions still need the support of further research.

After several years of research, the Sino-US physician first to show that the fetus has independent immune response. The international medical community believe that this has changed the international medical community for over 50 years that the fetus does not have the same with the adult point of view has a fine immune response, and provides a theoretical basis for the pregnancy early vaccination, which will have global public health field to produce extremely important.

In June this year, the departments within the U.S. Returned Scholars of the Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Wang Zhaodong and Columbia University Professor Miller (RachelMiller,) in the internationally renowned medical research journal "Journal of Clinical Investigation" entitled "for the influenza vaccine the womb of antigen-specific immune response, "the paper. This research has made major theoretical breakthrough: it confirmed for the first time in the international body in the early stages of embryonic development, many antigens in the maternal environment, allergens and pathogens produce active immune response and immune memory.

Wang Zhaodong introduced, this conclusion within two years study of 126 European and American origin pregnant women obtained, which confirms that the period of 28-30 weeks in fetal development to a study influenza vaccination can help the fetus to obtain the corresponding immunity. This study will examine the field of public health is extremely important to change the general view of the past, the international medical community does not advocate the vaccination of pregnant women.

Is the development of the formation of twins in the belly curious now reveal the secret!

Twins - four weeks of pregnancy

Twins has now become two embryos, consisting of two layers of cells, all the organs and limbs of the baby should be thus developed. Until next week, two embryos will grow their own amniotic sac and placenta.

Twins - 8 weeks of pregnancy

Your twins in the first eight weeks has grown to be able to bend their arms and legs, are tapping their hearts jump for two weeks, the nerve cells in the baby brain is stretched out and connected to each other.

Twins - 12 weeks of pregnancy

Two baby is busy kicking stretch ah, their hands are now able to intersect in the chest, tiny fingernails started to grow out. Lovely eyelids shading his eyes, gums under the tooth buds coming out.

Twins - 16 weeks of pregnancy

The fingerprints of the two twins of the same. They would make faces, slanting eyes, and also began to amniotic fluid they drink pee. Conditions B ultrasound can see their genitals.

Twins - 20 weeks of pregnancy

And your two baby talk, they may be able to hear your voice. Two children, the head of long hair, their skin to grow a layer of white grease used to protect their own long-term soaked in amniotic fluid in the body.

Twins - 24 weeks of pregnancy

The two babies are long eyebrows have grown tooth buds for the deciduous and permanent teeth, laying the foundation, the child's taste buds may also play a role. Regardless of birth, what color their skin is red and wrinkled.

Twins - 28 weeks of pregnancy

Twin baby can lids opened, and long eyelashes. Layer of fat accumulation in their skin below the skin to become smoother.

Twins - 32 weeks of pregnancy

Two baby fingers and toes grow nails. Their arms, legs, body, are also growing. Some babies even now his head is hair. Most babies are born in the coming weeks. May be able to feel it.

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